How to Work Switch, STP , RSTP OR VLAN.

SWITCHING:

The switch is a networking device, which is the second layer of the OSI model Works. Now the question is what is the second layer of the OSI model? We already knew that the traditional layer of the OSI model is the Data link layer. Data link is the frame which is the data format in Layer. That is to say, the origin of a frame switch is real, the switch sends the frame to the destination MAC address.

SWITCHING AND HISTORY:

Let's not know how the network worked when there was no switch. In 1980, coaxial cable was used. Whose data was capable of transfer up to 185 meters. The two connectors used to connect the T-connector came next to the hub, the problem that the hub faced was broadcast. That is, sending data to a port broadcasts to all ports. The bridge is designed to eliminate this problem. The only thing it did was convert several segments of the network into segments. As a result, the broadcast size gets smaller. The only limitation of this was that it started broadcasting between the networks within the segment. The switch comes after solving all such problems. The function that the switch performs is to transfer data to the port on which you transfer data. Other posts are free.

SWITCHES THAT DO THE WORK:

 ⇰   The switch collects the MAC addresses of the devices connected to the Mac table. As a result, a                                  Mac  request can actually be learned.

 ⇰   Decides whether the request from one host will actually forward to the port of another host.

 ⇰   Network switches there are network access monitoring systems.

Now let's try to know a little STP.

Now maybe a question may come to everyone that suddenly why STP? Need to know about STP because STP eliminates switching loop. 

Let's see how STP eliminates the switching loop. That is,

   ⇰   The STP first selects the route bridge.

   ⇰   Later, the type of port is determined.

   ⇰   Finally, convergence.

1. How does STP select the route bridge?

STP checks the bridge ID to select the route bridge. That is, the switch ID is less than the bridge ID of the switch port. The Bridge ID is the Bridge Charity and the MAC address, which is the lower the cost of the MAC address, the port will be the root bridge.

2. How to determine the type of pot next?

Determining the type of STP port means the cost of the route from the route bridge to the no root bridge. Different links have different types of costs. Select the link that will cost less.

Here is a link cost chart:

BANDWIDTH	STP EXPENSE
10 GBPS	2
1 GBPS	4
100 MBPS	19
10 MBPS	100

This is determined by the cost.

3. The latest is convergence.

This is how the middle loop of the switch is removed. The STP spends about 50 seconds completing this task. This time tomorrow is convergence time.

RSTP:

The convergence time of STP is higher than the RSTP protocol. The RSTP is the rapid spanning tree protocol. Convergence in this protocol takes only 50 seconds.

VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network):

VLAN is a virtual local area network. VLAN allows the physical posts of the device to be divided into several logical units.

What is the purpose of VLAN?

The purpose of VLAN is to reduce the size of the broadcast domain as a result of VLAN and the network is secured. As a result, the network works very fast and well.